Health and Safety Processes at Work: Chemical Hazards

Health and Safety Processes at Work: Chemical Hazards France Ogagarue Managing Health and Safety Process at Work Topic: Chemical Hazards 1.0 Introduction Chemical Hazard under the (WHS Directives) is any material, mix or article that satisfies the  criteria of one or additional internationally harmonised system of category and classification  of chemical hazards classes, counting in (WHS Directives in schedule section 6 of the directive) in relative to chemical, a chemical hazard is a set of natural properties of the material, mix article or process that may cause unfavourable effect to the organisms, community or environments. (WHS Directives) analysis further, there are two main types of chemical hazards connected with hazardous chemicals, which may present an instant or long term damage or health illness to worker well-being and creature. The two main types of chemical hazards are classified as follows. According to (WHS Directives) health hazards, this are properties chemical that contain the potential to cause unfavourable health effect, for examples, exposure frequently occur throughout inhalation, and skin contacts or ingestion, unfavourable health effect can been either, (acute short term) or (chronic long term) classic acute health effects comprise of headaches, vomiting or skin decay, while chronic health effects comprise of dermatitis, nerve damage, cancer and asthma. Further examination from (WHS Directives) physicochemical hazards, this are physical or chemical properties of the material that mix or article that pretence risks to worker health, and other than health risks, they do not arise as result of the organic contact of the chemical with peoples. They arise throughout unsuitable handling or use and can frequently effects in damage to peoples and or harm to properties as effect of the intrinsic physical hazard, examples, of physicochemical hazards contain explosive, corrosive or flammable, therefore, chemically reactive and oxidising chemicals both have health and physiochemical hazardous. Management Intervention Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 2nd ed. (1979) chemical analysis the role of management intervention must included risk appraisal under (WHS Directive) although it’s necessary for specific situation, for examples, when working with hazardous chemical materials. However, management though in many situation it will be the greatest way to establish the measure that have to be implement to control hazards and risks in the workplace including the environment, (EMS-ISO 4001) BS. In addition, management intervention will assist the following for examples. Recognize which worker well-being, are at risk to chemical hazards exposure Establish which sources and process are causing the chemical hazards and risks Categorize what kind of control and monitoring measure should be implement Verification of the efficiency of the existing control measure and monitoring systems in place When the hazards and the related risks are well know, and have well be set up and established suitable adequate control measure to monitor the hazards chemical risk in the work environments, the risk appraisal must also judge anticipated failure of plant and machinery tooling equipments, as well as any additional control measure to avoid the hazards chemical risk of workers, community and the environment issue in line with (EMS-ISO 4001) BS. 1.2. Management Best Practice Hilado, C.J. Clack. Organic Solvent, Chem. Eng, NY, (1972), (19), (75-80) beliefs, management must implement their best safety practice to intervene with reference to (WHS Directives. R. 330) to ensure the producer or the importer must put in practise a safety symbol of safety date sheet for the hazardous chemical before initial developed or import hazardous chemical or as quickly as best practicable after the initial developed or import and before initial supply, to any work place. Therefore, the producer or the importer of the hazardous chemical must supply up to date the safety data sheet for the hazardous chemical. 1.3 Labels NIOSH OSHA Product Guide to Chemical Hazards, (NIOSH) September (1978), Public, No, (78) analysis, the producer and the importer of a hazardous chemical must ensure it’s properly label as quickly as best practicable, after developed or importing the hazardous chemical substances under (WHS Directive. R. 335), hazardous chemical information will be accessible from the label, some product labels do not enclose all chemical hazards information, and i.e. all hazards chemical substances that are dangerous goods are full labelled to meet safety transport requirements. Below some examples of safety hazardous chemical label cautions and the types of hazardous hazards you can simply identify. Flammable Acute Toxicity Warning Human Health Corrosive Sources: Http://www.HSG 65 1.4 Control Measure Proctor, N. Hughes, Hazards in the Workplace, (1978) analysis the hierarchy of control of hazards chemical readily available in a quantity of ways to control the risks related with hazardous chemical substances, several machines control measure are extra effective than others, control measure can been rank starting the highest levels of defence and dependability to the lowest levels. These ranking is recognized as the hierarchy of control measure and monitoring systems. Management of hazards chemical substance, must always aim to eliminate a hazards and related risks initial, if these is not reasonably best practicable, the risks should be minimised by means of one or the following approach techniques either by for examples, the followings. By Substitution. By Isolation and, By implementing engineering control guards. If a risk then leftovers, it must be minimised by implement an administrative control measure in places, so far as is reasonably best practicable means, any leftover risks must be minimised with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). In summary it’s advisable to implement local exhaust ventilation systems to arrest airborne contamination substance that will cause hazardous chemical harm to workers well-being, working environment and the community the ventilation must be in safety order to stop contamination of chemical substance harm from incoming contact toward the breathing zone in relation to the workers health and safety. 1.5 Conclusion In occupational health and safety, chemical hazard is any material that has be mix or article of difference combination of chemical substance, under (WHS Directive) that can lead to cause harm to well-being of workers health and safety at the working place and environments or the community in general. The health effect from hazardous chemical can contribute to either acute short term or chronic long term health effects; therefore, risk appraisal is necessary for a specific situation to manage the hazards chemical substance within the working place to recognize which worker at risk to hazardous chemical. Therefore, hierarchy of control measure of hazards chemical issue have be implements in the working place to monitors and minimised the risks level of workers expose to the above hazards, the risks control measure must aim to eliminate the risks and hazards associated the chemical substances either by the following ways, by substitution, isolation or implementing engineering or an adm inistrative control measure including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)

Individual Management/Leadership Style

There are few, if any, hotter topics in management, business and organization theory at the present time than ‘leadership'. Leadership is the block at the top of the model of a good team, not because it is most important, but because it is the ultimate goal of an effective, efficient team. A good leader shares responsibility and glory, is supportive and fair, creates a climate of trust and openness, and is a good coach and teacher. Yet the test of a truly good leader is that the team operates as smoothly whether the leader is present or absent. Problem solving, decision making, team participation and conflict resolution are fundamental leadership activities. Rarely, are there any dead certainties in the world of business – especially in the current and foreseeable climate of uncertainty, ambiguity and paradox. Fear of failure, consequent risk-aversion and reluctance to move very far from ‘safe ground' or comfort zones can severely limit the quality relevance and na ture of decisions taken by those in managerial and leadership roles (Autry 50).Problem solvingSuccessful problem solving involves a search for the best problem space as well as the best program. Problem solving involves processing information. This is a three stage process:1. Recognizing the task environment. First, one perceives the events, interprets these invents and recognizes the nature of the task—e.g. notice disquiet in the office and see that the task is to identify how the disquiet can be resolved.2. Transformation into the person’s problem space. Next one views the task in a specific way. Here one has to be quite specific about the goal—what has to be done, where one stands in relationship to the goal and what kinds of acts need to be carried out in order to reach the goal. For example, from experience one will know that one cannot jump to any quick conclusions about the source of the disquiet in the office but will know how to set about finding out th e source of the disquiet.3. Processing the data and moving towards the goal. Depending on how the problem space has been conceived, one uses various kinds of information given with the problem or drawn from memory to process the data so as to move towards the problem solution. For example, in the illustration one will have had experience, of diagnosing problems of unrest in the office and will be able to call upon this experience along with information noted which is specific to the current situation in the office.In the course of working through the above steps the problem solver will notice whether any of the steps or series of steps he or she makes reduces the distance to the goal—i.e. resolving or solving the problem. If this seems to be the case then the problem solver will continue with that line of enquiry. If the steps do not seem to be productive then alternative steps will be followed. Progress and search for solutions are related to constant feedback of information obtained from people and objects in the problem situation.Problem solving involves the search for the most successful programs. However, successful problem solving may not so much be a search for a successful program as a search for the best problem space. It would seem, however, that both are required to increase the likelihood of finding good solutions to problems.Decision makingDecision making is effective when the leader is aware of and uses many methods to arrive at decisions. Consensus is often touted as the best way to make decisions—and it is an excellent method and probably not used often enough. But the team the leaser also uses majority rule, expert decision, authority rule with discussion, and other methods.Effective decision making is essential to a team's progress; ideally, leaders that are asked to solve problems should also have the power and authority to implement solutions. They must have a grasp of various decision-making methods, their advantages and disa dvantages, and when and how to use each. Leaders that choose the right decision-making methods at the right time will not only save time, but they will also most often make the best decisions.A key aspect of the leader's decision-making style, in bringing about productive synergy, is the ability to create opportunities for dialogue and shared reflection with others which lead to joint ownership of problems, solutions and decisions. Communication is crucial in the natural development of synergy. Simple techniques such as the use of open-ended questions can help to strengthen rapport as a necessary preliminary to peak communication, eg:†¢ ‘How could we do that better?'†¢ ‘What would be a viable option that would give us ‘x' but would avoid doing ‘y'?'†¢ ‘What would you really like to see happen here?'†¢ ‘What would you do?†¦ What would you do next?†¦ and then?'†¢ ‘How could we make  £50,000 saving on the fi rst stage of project ABC?'†¢ ‘Let's take your idea of starting with product development – then let's see it from marketing's perspective, before we commit to a decision'.†¢ ‘I like your proposal – let's build on that and see if we can improve on Graham's target'.The asking of ‘open' questions, in a non-threatening, non-judgmental way, with appropriate attendant body language, eg nodding, ‘mirroring' posture and gesture, reinforcing and adding to the other's contributions – are simple, but crucial techniques for giving positive messages of approval and encouragement. A demonstrable shift from authoritarian to supportively authoritative demeanour may be essential, before peak communication, synergy and ‘flow' – indicating personal authenticity in decision making – can come about between people, with the resultant mutual and shared payoffs.In the interests of both operational synergy and strategic crossfunctiona l interdependence, so-called ‘private intending' in decision making needs to function at a level which reconciles the need for fast, adaptable individual initiative, on the one hand, with necessary collaborative responses, on the other. As organisations reduce, hierarchically, and become flatter structures, with greater emphasis upon project team working, so decision-making needs to be considered increasingly, as a natural team process, as well as an individual role prerogative – particularly as crucial end results come more and more to depend, ultimately, upon willing and accountable collaborative effort.Team participationA team is a group of people who share a common purpose and work in a coordinated and interdependent relationship. Teams help members create a positive culture; one identified by high-trust levels. Team relationships allow members to align with the culture and the team’s purposes. They lead to synergy. Successful leaders who commit to — a nd deliver — outstanding results, do so as a result of the effective leadership and management of their teams. They understand that their route to success is, inevitably through engaging, focusing and mobilizing others' brainpower, horsepower and commitment.Team participation engages the mental and emotional involvement of leaders and followers: that is, the involvement of the member’s egos as well as their physical and mental capacities. Teaming also asks members to exercise their creative self and to increase their personal sense of responsibility through involvement. Team members need to recognize that the corporation wants their total involvement. And, when given, involvement increases the member’s sense of responsibility and ownership for the corporation and its results.If communication is the most important team characteristic, participation is the second most important. Without participation, you don't have a team; you have a group of bodies. Balanced par ticipation ensures that everyone on the team is fully involved. It does not mean that if you have five people each is speaking 20 percent of the time. Talking is not necessarily a measure of participation. We all know people who talk a lot and say nothing. It does mean that each individual is contributing when it's appropriate. The more a team involves all of its members in its activities, the more likely that team is to experience a high level of commitment and synergy (Depree 52).Balanced participation means that each team member joins the discussion when his or her contribution is pertinent to the team assignment. It also means that everyone's opinions are sought and valued by others on the team. Participation is everyone's responsibility. As a team moves from a forming stage to more mature stages of group development, team members must make certain that everyone is an active participant. If you have team members who did not participate early in the formation of the team, they wi ll withdraw even more as the going becomes more difficult. Two important things influence team participation: the leader's behavior and the participants' expectations.A leader's behavior comes as much from attitude as from anything. Leaders who are effective in obtaining participation see their role as being a coach and mentor, not the expert in the situation. Leaders will get more participation from team members if they can admit to needing help, not power. Leaders should also specify the kind of participation they want right from the start. Will everyone share their own ideas and then decide what to do or will the group discuss the pros and cons of the leader's idea?Leaders need to create a participative climate. They must make it a practice to speak last to avoid influencing others. Often a leader may put an idea on the table â€Å"just to get things started.† But what happens? Everyone jumps on the idea and stops thinking. People may feel, â€Å"Well, if that's what she wants, that's it.† Leaders need to reward risk taking. Those â€Å"half-baked† partial ideas that people bring up may be just what gets the team moving toward a solution, idea, or new opportunity (Denis, Lamothe and Langley 69). Leaders must always protect the minority views. Anyone can think like everyone else. It takes courage to think and speak differently.Conflict resolutionConflict, while sometimes productive, often represents a negative effect on organizational interaction. Diversity sometimes intensifies conflict. Differing values, customs, and beliefs among employees provide the foundation for conflict. This kind of cultural diversity can produce negative results, confusion, and stress. While diversity produces more ideas, it also forces people to clarify their views. Conflict resolution becomes a significant leadership task in which leaders become mediators of difference. They need to be power brokers to allocate influence and resources. Leaders often need to r esort to any of the following strategies for dealing with conflict (Storey 11):Domination – assuming the decision and rejecting dissenters,Containment – ignoring the issues, minimizing them, demanding rationality and objectivity in making the decision/dealing with the issues, maintaining control and confining the issuesCapitulation – getting one party to back down and surrender  Compromise – accommodating dissenters' positions insofar as is possible and asking each to give up some intractable positionsIntegration – seeking a conclusion satisfying to parties involvedSeveral forces are driving us to adopt conflict resolution strategies associated with values integration: the move toward excellence and cultural diversity, changes in demographics, and increasing pressure for innovation and creativity.ReferencesAutry, James. (1992). A. Love and Profit: The Art of Caring Leadership. New York: Avon Books, 1992.Denis, J.L., L. Lamothe and A. Langley (200 1) â€Å"The dynamics of collective leadership and strategic change in pluralistic organizations†, Academy of Management Journal 44(4).Depree, Max. (1989). Leadership Is an Art. New York: Doubleday.Storey, John. (2004). Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Routledge: New York.

Prosecuting Argument Essay

On a mid-afternoon day in October of 2013, the defendant, Stu Dents, left his apartment and drove to the victim’s apartment. There were two eyewitnesses that saw the defendant walk into the apartment building to his girlfriend’s (victims) apartment, and enter. It is unclear on how the defendant entered the apartment because there were no signs of forced entry. The victim was not home at the time. Her co-workers say they last saw her when she left work that evening. The body of the victim was found the next morning behind an abandoned building, five miles from her home. The victim was found with cloth stuffed in her mouth, her arms and legs tied with rope, and she had been stabbed to death. The coroner determined that she was stabbed 13 times and bled to death. Cuts and bruises were found on her body as well as skin particles under her fingernails. This signified a struggle had occurred prior to her death. When DNA tests were conducted, the DNA under the victim’s fingernails matched the DNA of the defendant. When the defendant’s home was searched, the police found drugs, along with jewelry owned by the victim. In a locked room in the defendant’s house, police found a wall covered with photographs of the victim. These photographs were mostly taken without her knowledge. The police found love letters, along with a journal that was started six months prior to the death of the victim. The journal had detailed events from the first time the defendant and the victim met, up to the night before the murder. The journal entries discussed purchasing the items used to kidnap and murder the victim. He referenced aliens, God, and the end of the world in his journal as well. There was enough evidence to arrest Mr. Dents on the evening of the 21st of October. When he was taken away by the police, the defendant began screaming about the end of the world and aliens working on the police force. He was very agitated, irrational, and combative. When an officer tried to handcuff him,  the defendant punched the officer in the face and yelled, â€Å"Alien!† The state is charging Stu Dents with homicide, assault of a police officer, kidnapping, burglary, and crimes related to drugs. For the charge of Homicide against the defendant Stu Dent, the state of Minnesota would charge Stu Dent with murder in the first degree. 609.185, MURDER IN THE FIRST DEGREE. (a) Whoever does any of the following is guilty of murder in the first degree and shall be sentenced to imprisonment for life: (1) causes the death of a human being with premeditation and with intent to effect the death of the person or of another; (2) causes the death of a human being while committing or attempting to commit criminal sexual conduct in the first or second degree with force or violence, either upon or affecting the person or another; (3) causes the death of a human being with intent to effect the death of the person or another, while committing or attempting to commit burglary, aggravated robbery, kidnapping, arson in the first or second degree, a drive-by shooting, tampering with a witness in the first degree, escape from custody, or any felony violation of chapter 152 involving the unlawful sale of a controlled substance. In the charge of assault of a police officer in the state of Arkansas, Stu Dents will be charged with aggravated assault upon a certified law enforcement officer or an employee of a correctional facility. Stu Dents will be charged under A.C.A.  § 5-13-211. a)When an individual commits an aggravated assault upon a certified law enforcement officer or an employee of a correctional facility. This individual will be charged if, under circumstance manifesting significant indifference to the person(s) personal hygiene of the certified law enforcement officer or the employee with the correctional facility. This is when the individual intentionally takes part in conduct that has or will create potential danger of infection to the certified law enforcement officer or the employee of any state or local correctional facility while the certified officer or employee is in the course of his or her employment by causing the person whom the actor is well aware that he or she is a certified officer or employee to come into contact with blood, feces, urine, saliva, seminal fluid, or any other bodily fluid through purposely throwing, expelling, tossing, or in any other way transferring the fluids or material (â€Å"A.c.a.  § 5-13-211†, 2015). b) Aggravated assault upon an employee of a correctional facility either sate or local or a certified law enforcement  officers is a Class D felony (â€Å"A.c.a.  § 5-13-211†, 2015). Stu Dents is charged with a Class D felony for aggravated assault upon a law enforcement officer because he became combative and struck the police officer in the face with a closed fist while screaming â€Å"Alien.† KIDNAPPING The defendant wrongfully trespassed onto the victim’s property. He went into the victim’s apartment when she was not at home. He may not have gone in thinking that he was going to take something from her home, but he did. He took from her home, her personal jewelry. He had no intentions of giving back what he had taken, and the victim did not give the defendant permission to take her possessions. If charged with burglary in Arizona, you are facing felony charges. Though there are three different classifications for burglary, each of them are felonies. Third degree burglary is doing one of two things. The unlawful entering or remaining in a nonresidential structure or fenced in area, with the intent of committing any theft or felony. The unlawful gaining entry into any part of a vehicle with burglar’s tools with the intent of committing any theft or felony. The punishment carries 18 months to three years in prison. Second degree burglary is the unlawful entering or remaining in or on a residential structure with the intent of committing any theft or felony. This applies to a home, apartment building, or any place people reside. This carries a two in a half to seven year punishment in prison. First degree burglary is the most serious charge. This means one committed either a second or third degree burglary while using a firearm, explosive, or other deadly weapon. The punishment is four to ten years in prison. To be charged with any degree of burglary, you do not need to steal anything, only have the intent of stealing. Also, the defendant was charged with crimes related to drugs, in the state of Minnesota they would charge him with 152.021 CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE CRIME IN THE FIRST DEGREE. Subd. 2. Possession crimes. (a) A person is guilty of a controlled substance crime in the first degree if: (1)the person unlawfully possesses one or more mixtures of a total weight of 25 grams or more containing cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine. A blue MDMA tablet also known as ecstasy, with a â€Å"thumbs-up† imprint was found under the table in the living room as well  as powder cocaine residue on the living room coffee table of the victim’s apartment. Upon search of the defendant’s home, detectives found ecstasy, cocaine, methamphetamine, and jewelry owned by the victim among the defendant’s possessions. Small bag containing ecstasy found at defendants home matched the ones found at the victim’s home. References A.C.A.  § 5-13-211. (2015). Retrieved from Revisor of statutes, State of Minnesota, 152.021 CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE CRIME IN THE FIRST DEGREE, 2014. Retrieved on February 13, 2015 from Revisor of statutes, State of Minnesota, 609.185 Murder in the First Degree, 2014. Retrieved on February 13, 2015 WordPress Admin (n.d.). Burglary Laws. Retrieved on February 13, 2015 from

Historical Essay #1 Confederation and Constitution

Historical Essay #1: Confederation and Constitution Anthony Snow DeVry University 08/01/2015 HISTORICAL ESSAY #1: CONFEDERATION AND CONSTITUTION As with anything in this world there are always strengths and weaknesses when people are comparing two different items, as no one item can be a perfect solution; there are always compromises. The same happens when we are comparing the Articles of Confederation and the New Constitution of 1787. Both of theses two solutions each have their own strengths and weaknesses. First we have the Articles of Confederation that when written gave each state a lot of individual powers, and because of this was one of the main reasons for the New Constitution, and I want to show how these two solutions†¦show more content†¦According to the famed historian Edmund S. Morgan â€Å"When the Articles of Confederation were drafted, Americans had had little experience of what a national government could do for them and bitter experience of what an arbitrary government could do to them. In creating a central government they were therefore more concerned with keeping it under control than with givi ng it the means to do its job† (Morgan, 1956). The people were scared, and therefore created a solution that was more concerned with holding powers in check, which left many holes, and a government with no power. Next I would like to explore the weaknesses and strengths about the New Constitution that the Constitutional Convention adopted in September 1787. Not so long after the Articles of Confederation were enacted, some citizens started to feel that the national government was too weak. As a result of this the Constitutional Convention was called to order in Philadelphia between May and September 1787 to help address the problem of a weak central government. First even though the New Constitution replaced the Articles of Confederation, it also had some weaknesses. One of the main weaknesses of the New Constitution was that it lacked a bill of rights, and the New Constitution still protected slavery. Even with theses weaknesses, the strengths of the New Constitution far out weigh the negatives. One of the greatest strengths of the New Constitution was a centralShow MoreRelatedHistory 309713 Words   |  3 Pages____________________________________________________________________________________ WEEK TWO **Individual Assignment** 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resources:  Ch. 6–10 of  Colonial America  and MyHistoryLab   Write  a 350- to 700-word essay response to each of the following questions:    Question 1: How was trade in the New World a source of revenue for monarchies and for the colonies? 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