Alexander the Great Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Alexander the Great - Essay Example From this paper plainly preceding overcoming the whole known world, Alexander ensured that his held onto all the force in Macedonia and Greece. Thus, having played out that, this incredible general drove his military to Asia Minor, at that point Palestine and inevitably Egypt. One should remember that around then Egypt was under the standard of Persians; that is the reason it was them who battled against Alexander, not the Egyptians. The last mentioned, indeed, didn't demonstrate any protection from him, welcoming him as a savior instead of an oppressor. To be sure, there were a few fights that Alexander won before entering Egypt. Consequently, after the skirmish of Issus, assaulting Tire and overcoming Gaza, his military matchless quality was clear. In Egypt he didn't present any critical change; a remarkable inverse, he guaranteed that he was the child of Zeus and Ammon and consented to be treated as a celestial ruler, as per the Egyptian traditions.As the conversation stresses P ersian Empire was the most grounded power in the area being referred to. It developed much before Alexander and was for the most part viewed as the predominant player. Be that as it may, it couldn't coordinate the military intensity of the Macedonian general. Many fights the Persian ruler Darius fled the war zone, leaving his troopers alone. It is very clear that after Alexander had the option to overcome the capital, the military men didn't bolster Darius who was continually fleeing from his adversary and murdered him.

Greek Theater in 5th Century BCE Essay -- essays research papers

Greek Theater in fifth Century BCE      The Ancient Greeks, presumably one of the most intriguing civic establishments to examine contributed a few revelations and innovative progressions. One can not examine the Greeks without talking about Greek Theater however. Greek Theater prepared for writing and workmanship in later history from numerous points of view. On the off chance that it wasn’t for Greek Theater renowned play authors like Shakespeare would have never done what they are so very notable for. When examining Greek Theater it is basically inconceivable not to find out about it in the fifth Century BCE, and that is on the grounds that the fifth Century BCE was fairly energizing when it came to Greek Theater.      The source of Greek Theater in fifth Century BCE isn't known. Many theories exist, however there isn't generally any definitive hard proof. What is known then again is that catastrophes were first acted in Athens in sixth Century BCE, and that they were exceptionally straightforward. They just had one on-screen character and one ensemble. In the fifth Century BCE this changed however. A second and third entertainer were added to plays, however there were not any more then three talking on-screen characters in front of an audience on the double. All through fifth Century BCE the normal size of the melody was twelve through fifteen individuals.      The showy exhibitions were a piece of the love of the god Dionysus, the divine force of ripeness and wine. Out of the four celebrations of love for Dionysus, two them included dramatic perfo...

History of the DIA :: essays research papers fc

History of the Defense Intelligence Agency      In the years following World War II, there were many turf fights battled between the insight organizations of the United States. The Central Intelligence Agency, which was made in 1947 with the death of the National Security Act, won the underlying fights. This organization had won both administrative status and spending authority and was to make suggestions for planning knowledge exercises; and to correspond, assess, and spread insight (Laqueur, 17). The demonstration was obscure be that as it may, and the new organization immediately moved to the job of maker of insight and immediately developed in size(Laqueur, 17).      By 1953, while headed by Allen Dulles, the CIA arrived at its stature of impact inside Washington. Dulles indicated little enthusiasm for insight coordination, yet was extremely close with President Eisenhower and with his sibling, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, he included extraordinary individual impact inside the organization (Laqueur, 18).      Unfortunately, Dulles’s last a very long time as Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) were hardship with debate. Excessively skeptical insight gauges offered approach to debate concerning the rocket hole between the USSR and America. Another insight calamity was the Bay of Pigs attack of Cuba. This activity further harmed the CIA’s notoriety and prompted Dulles’s excusal as DCI (Laqueur, 18). These knowledge disappointments made President Eisenhower be disappointed with the insight he was getting from the network. Another arrangement was required and Eisenhower moved to make a Joint Study Group to â€Å"determine better methods of adequately sorting out the nation’s military knowledge activities† (Raman).      This bunch suggested the making of a solitary source to oversee and organize all knowledge consumption, creation, examination, evaluation and scattering capacities inside the Department of Defense (DOD). This office would be mindful to the Secretary of Defense, and meet the insight needs of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and military units handled around the world (Raman).      Eisenhower’s term as President finished before the group’s suggestions could be executed, anyway the pennant was conveyed by the following organization. Robert McNamara, Secretary of Defense under President John F. Kennedy, acknowledged the group’s suggestion and made the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) (DNSA). McNamara had numerous explanations behind tolerating the gatherings suggestions. First among them was the varying appraisals of the rocket hole by every one of the administrations insight organizations. Another explanation was McNamara’s cost-cognizant disposition. He needed to blend the insight directorates of the various administrations to keep away from an assortment of knowledge offices in the Pentagon (Raman).

Free Essays on Slavery And The Kansas-Nebraska Act

The subject of servitude inside the new states turns into the frontal areas for what started to isolate early America into various gatherings that held various perspectives as well as had threatening vibe towards each other. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 worked up a lot of concern and promptly separated America into a few proslavery and abolitionist gatherings. America was so painstakingly isolated that individuals remained amazingly enthusiastic and very frantic to battle for their specific convictions. The trade off of 1850 looked for an approach to retouch the country yet rather it helped keep the country isolated. The huge outward relocation from the North and South to the new domains of America realized a colossal issue that necessary an answer. Would the new domains be slave states or free states? The Gadsden Purchase of very nearly 30,000 square miles added to the United States geologically and dangerously. From the outset it was felt that half of the region would be free and the other half would be slave. Kansas would be free and Nebraska would be slave. It wasn’t as simple as it appeared in light of the fact that shocked Northerners considered Nebraska a â€Å"atrocious plot† to make a â€Å"dreary district oppression possessed by experts and slaves† (Berkin p. 403). Berkin represents the seriousness of the dissimilarities between the convictions of the North and the South. The philosophies of the North and the South are not good choices engaged by humankind, they are material choices powered by financial intrigue. The North doesn't need the South to have the advantage of slave manors since this is an amazing preferred position financially and the South doesn't need their very worthwhile slave estates to be undermined. On the off chance that solitary this issue could have been anticipated, at that point perhaps struggle could have been saved. The Kansas Nebraska act passes a law that permits inhabitants of Kansas And Nebraska to conclude whether to permit subjection or not inside the states. Th... Free Essays on Slavery And The Kansas-Nebraska Act Free Essays on Slavery And The Kansas-Nebraska Act The topic of subjection inside the new states turns into the frontal areas for what started to partition early America into various gatherings that held various perspectives as well as had antagonistic vibe towards each other. The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 worked up a lot of concern and promptly separated America into a few proslavery and abolitionist gatherings. America was so painstakingly isolated that individuals remained very energetic and amazingly edgy to battle for their specific convictions. The trade off of 1850 looked for an approach to retouch the country however rather it helped keep the country isolated. The monstrous outward movement from the North and South to the new domains of America achieved a colossal issue that necessary an answer. Would the new regions be slave states or free states? The Gadsden Purchase of just about 30,000 square miles added to the United States topographically and dangerously. From the outset it was believed that half of the region would be free and the other half would be slave. Kansas would be free and Nebraska would be slave. It wasn’t as simple as it appeared on the grounds that shocked Northerners considered Nebraska a â€Å"atrocious plot† to make a â€Å"dreary area oppression possessed by aces and slaves† (Berkin p. 403). Berkin represents the seriousness of the dissimilarities between the convictions of the North and the South. The philosophies of the North and the South are not good choices enabled by mankind, they are material choices filled by monetary intrigue. The North doesn't need the South to have the advantage of slave manors since this is an astounding favorable position monetarily and the South doesn't need their very worthwhile slave ranches to be undermined. On the off chance that solitary this issue could have been predicted, at that point perhaps strife could have been saved. The Kansas Nebraska act passes a law that permits occupants of Kansas And Nebraska to conclude whether to permit bondage or not inside the states. Th...

Migrating Business Critical Applications †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Migrating Business Critical Applications. Answer: Presentation As said by the Zhang, Cheng, Boutaba, (2010), Technology is improving being utilized by the few associations over the business to improve and empower their association execution. Krutz, Vines, (2010) proposed that One of the best mechanical advancements that have upset the manner in which business and individuals work in todays world in distributed computing. Execution of the distributed computing advances inside the association can offices communitarian stages from learning and research, improved administrations and adaptability abilities, high efficiencies, better consistence and security and access to driving innovation. According to the assessment and discoveries, it is seen that the association Commonwealth bank is directly experienced the issues related with the information taking care of and security. The perception likewise shows that association capacities its activities in all in general the world and the greater part of the clients are by and by getting to the administrati ons through cell phones; subsequently, information robbery related issues additionally thought about the primary issues for the association. In this way, the current report is mostly engaged upon the adequacy of the relief of the application and information sources into outer processing in association. Additionally the report likewise sympathized the security strategies that could processing innovation; uses to make sure about information or data. Aside from that the discoveries gives the viable end and suggestion to take care of the presence issues. With setting to money related administrations Partners of the association are for the most part financial specialists in business whose activities are resolved the aftereffect of the association choices. The partners of the associations are governments, clients, managers, financial specialists and so forth. The fundamental jobs and obligations of the partners is to settle on choice in regards to the venture and giving the point by point necessities about the money related arrangement; that causes the association to continue in advertise and accomplish set of goal in effective way (Krutz, Vines, 2010).. Aside from that partner of the association likewise submitting the essential assets and deciding the issues and dangers related with the association. According to the discoveries and assessment of the association present situation it is seen that the association isn't have the option to give powerful security to information that hampered the association execution in up and coming years. Interface between business partners and technologist is finished with the assistance of correspondence mode, for example, eye to eye correspondence, meeting, telephonic correspondence, and so on. Prior to the execution of the advances inside the association principle jobs and reponsiblteis of the technologist to give the all data to partners with respect to the task and how it help the association to perform adequately. Thusly the interface between the association partners and technologist is outlined utilizing partner correspondence graph that is appeared in underneath table; Partners Effect stake the venture what should be conveyed dangers President high Strategies and polices proprietors who discover institutional overseer techniques and approaches Advantages of the usage of the distributed computing innovation and expenses related with the venture (Takabi, Joshi, Ahn, 2010). Absence of lucidity with respect to favored techniques. Budgetary administration high Deal with the association budgetary framework cost related with the venture and the entirety of the gadgets, benefits regarding money related with the expenses Absence of spending arranging Administrator staffs Work the association new framework moderate It helps the association so as to adds to process configuration just as framework and testing Stressed over the outstanding task at hand increments and what preparing they will get. Specialized group They for the most part assists with building up the framework high how the framework is created and how testing is performed absence of knwonelge in regards to the venture According to the above correspondence diagram it is seen that cost and advantages identified with the venture is generally imperative. In addition, utilization of the distributed computing innovation association offers its administrations from anyplace and whenever. Distributed computing innovation gives the workplace anyplace on request conveyance condition that changes the way infrastrure, work area, LOB and capacity applications are conveyed to the customers (So, 2011; Chen et al., 2010; Chen, Zhao, 2012). Aside from that utilization of the distributed computing innovation inside the association uses can basically get to their information and data from anyplace by means of web. The innovation offers the distributed storage reinforcement, which implies the association can put away its data in cloud and access them from anyplace whenever. As said by the Catteddu, (2010), Cloud stockpiling and reinforcement additionally gives straightforwardness, costs viable, evacuation of weight in house the board and support. The innovation is convey the information stockpiling as administrations from the cloud supplier with the assistance of web just as charging registered on ability utilized in specific highlights. There are a few advantages related with the distributed computing advances; Accordingly, from the investigation and discoveries it is said that the partners settle on a powerful choice in regards to the improvement of the administrations and joining of the distributed computing innovation. Aside from that to actualize the distributed computing innovations at work environment association need to executes distributed computing administrative stock take that give a reviews of the nation existing principles and guidelines that executes to cloud benefits in Australia. The guidelines spread the scope of the authoritative understandings, customers insurance, information security and essential act. Security stances Security is the most imperative components for the association and causes them to ensure purchasers information and data in fruitful way. As said by the Catteddu, (2010), in present period the greater part of the association utilizes the past information and data to settle on choice in basic circumstances. According to the organization situation it is seen that entrance of the data of the association done by the clients experiencing issues getting to their own data from the association. In addition the perception likewise saw that arrange security additionally concerned one of the indispensable issues of the association in light of the fact that the association offers its administrations and items to clients in both national and global market. Aside from that it is seen that the association is experienced the information stockpiling issues that way to store tremendous measure of the information the association needs to require additional equipment framework that make high spending is sues before the association. Information penetrates is one of the fundamental segment and association security experts accepted that their associations security estimations to safe information on physical gadgets for example server are low. Assessing the situation it is reasoned that information breaking issues was bound to happen for bank that utilizes the server. Commandeering of record likewise considered the principle security issues of the association and it is done primarily by assailants (So, 2011). Programmers or aggressors ceaselessly screen the associations arrange situation and utilization of the malware code they can without much of a stretch access the association data and application programming. In the wake of getting to the association application programming they alter and get to the clients individual data for his motivation. In the event that the association experienced the security issues that they lose advertise certainty and clients fulfillment. In addition, the investigation shows that on the off chance that an association not actualizes better security approaches inside the association, at that point they can hamper their association execution and lose clients trust. Relocating association basic application and their related information source to an endless distributed computing encourages the association to accomplish high security, coordinated effort and portability. As said by the Takabi, Joshi, Ahn, (2010), distributed computing technogly offers the association to give significant level of the security convention and to ensure information assurance. The distributed computing innovation actualizes high security conventions including solid access controls, information encryption procedure, security insight. Aside from that distributed computing offers the virtualization security to the association that implies it gives the virtual server and application and it is difficult from the aggressors or programmers to decide the specific area where information is put away. Aside from that the primary security of the distributed computing innovation is to upgrade security programming support and instrument. As per the Krutz, Vines, (2010), Cloud process ing innovation has an adequately capacity to grow progressively refined security methodology that causes the association to make sure about clients individual data and information. Expenses related with the distributed computing technogly are less when contrasted with the physical information stockpiling. Also, distributed computing innovation give application programming interface that gives association the chances to redo their cloud cost better way. Execution of the distributed computing innovation at working environment causes the association to recoup information, long haul reasonability, researched support, lower upkeep costs, excess and flexibility. According to the assessment and discoveries it is seen that the association must need to actualize relocate its application and information store in distributed computing innovation since it encourages them to make sure about its information as well as accomplish high clients experience. In association point of view, in the event that they fuse this innovation at working environment, at that point they decreases its additional equipment costs, support

Sample Esaay on Digital Computer Crime

Sample Esaay on Digital Computer Crime Digital Computer Crime Oct 28, 2019 in Law Introduction The term cybercrime refers to any crime committed by using a computer and the Internet to purloin persons identity with malevolent programs. Computer crimes are inexorably becoming more advanced and threatening to both individuals and organizations. Cyber-attacks against computers and critical infrastructure are increasing in a consistent manner. This essay will address different types of computer crimes, common forms of digital crimes and responses taken by the United States to combat computer crimes. Body The primary four classes of computer crimes comprise cyber warfare, cyber extortion, computer fraud and cyber terrorism. First, cyber warfare is usually a political crime related to the interests of a state or worldwide group. Its goal is to attack and harm another states computers or other vital system. Such an attack can be carried out through the use of computer viruses or denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. For instance, in the United States digital infrastructure is protected by the military nullifying the detrimental effects of cyber warfare. Second, cyber extortion involves using the Internet by a person to demand money, services, or other goods from another individual by intimidating them to impose harm on their reputation or property. An example of cyber extortion could be considered denial-of-service attack where the malicious attacker subjects the email server or computer system to repeated denial of service and demands money in order to stop the attacks. For instance, cyber extortion attack occurred in Sony Pictures in 2014. Chat now Order now Third, computer fraud is a fraud performed by informational systems, such as Internet devices or services. The main goal of this crime is to gain money or data by deceptive means. It encompasses bank fraud, identity theft, and theft of information. Lastly, computer-generated terrorism is a crime usually committed by terrorists to threaten peaceful population or overturn the regime of the public enemy. Stohl claims, It also includes the use of the computer system gears to close down dangerous state organization like carriage, administration tasks, and energy. This susceptibility of cyber sabotage is conveyed about by reliance on computer grids in actions by countries and dire organization (2006). An unfriendly group of people or country could take on the rebound of the enemy to infiltrate ill fortified computer system, upsetting and even closing down pressing tasks. The risk of virtual dangers is frequently connected with extremists who seek to take revenge. Terrorists hack into structures with the intention of inflicting severe damage. Under computer terrorism, there is a category of computer virus which can be well-defined as a self-replicating computer program that works by implanting duplicates of itself into other executable forms or code. Lewis clarifies, It works like natural infections, disseminating by implanting itself into existing cells. The addition of a virus into the program known as an impurity. The diseased file, or the executable encryption that is not portion of a file is characterized a host (2002). Viruses are one of the numerous forms of cruel software or malware. Some viruses can be deliberately dangerous as they could erase information or cause irreparable damage; others are non-threatening or just irritating. Some kinds of them have so-called retarded ignition, commonly denoted to as a bomb. The main destructive result of viruses is their unrestrained self-reproduction which trashes and overpowers computer properties. Like other cyber-attacks, viruses are becoming extra painful, destructive, and challenging. They spread very fast and have large zone of damage. The most common forms of digital crimes are phishing, identity theft, hacking, and grooming. Phishing involves obtaining personal information through the use of fake email messages from Internet users. Hacking, in turn, involves misusing or shutting down websites and computer networks. Identity theft is usually connected with misusing of personal information for lucrative purposes. Finally, Internet grooming is a practice of befriending with persons online, usually with children, in order to abuse them sexually. The government of United States has taken significant steps to combat computer crimes through the use of the following methods. Firstly, the Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) is accountable for executing the Departments nationwide policies in battling computer and logical property crimes internationally. Intellectual Property Section has developed to be an essential part of the U.S tax institutions. In pursuant to these ideas, CCIPS counsels frequently solve intricate problems, deal with exceptional legal and fact-finding matters raised by developing of the computer and telecommunications skills throughout the world. Regarding hearing of cases, it provides necessary information to other prosecutors, federal and local law administration staff. It also recommends and introduces legislations, subscribes and partakes in global efforts to counter intellectual property and computer crimes. By the end of 1998, the National Institute of Justice had selected a supervision team comprising TriData Corporation, U.S. Tennessee Valley Authority Police, U.S Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, and U.S Department of Justice (DOJ) to solve daily tasks. This team has a number of responsibilities concerning digital crimes, including research and investigations, developing of defensive measures, etc. It also is directed at combating of terrorism and extremism, finding and advancing scientific ways and evidence concerning the issue. .fod-banner { display: table; width: 100%; height: 100px; background-color: #04b5af; background-image: url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-1.png'), url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-2.png'); background-position: left center, right center; background-repeat: no-repeat; } .fod-banner .button { min-width: 120px; } .fod-banner-content { height: 100px; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; color: #ffffff; width: 100%; text-align: center; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; } .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 15px; font-weight: 100; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 16px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 18px; color: #ffe98f; font-weight: bold; } .fod-banner-content-image { vertical-align: middle; } .fod-banner img.fod-banner-content-image { width: auto; } @media all and (min-width: 993px) and (max-width: 1320px) { .fod-banner { background-image: none; } } @media all and (min-width: 845px) and (max-width: 992px) { .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 18px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 20px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 24px; } } @media all and (max-width: 740px) { .fod-banner { background-image: url('/images/banners/fod-banner-bg-2.png'); background-position: right center; background-repeat: no-repeat; } } @media all and (max-width: 670px) { .fod-banner { background-image: none; } .fod-banner-content { padding: 15px 10px; } .fod-banner img, .fod-banner-content-discount-text { display: block; margin: 0 auto; } .fod-banner-content > span:first-child { font-size: 28px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text { font-size: 20px; } .fod-banner-content-discount-text span { font-size: 24px; } } Limited time offer! Get 15% OFF your first order Order now In addition, it should be mentioned that Department of Homeland Security is also working on the defensive measures against computer terrorism. According to Dhillon, It works to stimulate consciousness on virtual safety and statistical knowledge amid all internet operators. The section also cooperates with the monetary and other serious groundwork areas to expand network security (1999). The Department has various branches such as the United States Secret Service and United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement which collectively combat cyber-crimes. The Secret Service upholds Electronic Crimes Task Forces (ECTFs) which focus on recognizing and tracking cyber crooks linked to cyber incursions, bank scam, facts cracks and other computer-related crimes worldwide. The Secret Services Cyber Intelligence Section has openly backed the capture of most sought cyber criminals. The Secret Service similarly runs the National Computer Forensic Institute, which offers law implementation offic ers and magistrates with cyber exercise and facts to fight the cyber misconduct. Though numerous attempts to combat cyber crimes have been undertaken, the government and namely law enforcement agencies should not forget about constant developing of preventive strategies. For instance, cyber security responsiveness should be attained among the Internet users. Besides, it is important to devise special programs to prevent cyber attacks, as it is usually easier to take preventive measures beforehand instead of dealing with full-fledged crimes. Conclusion In conclusion, it could be seen that with the advancing of informational technologies computer crimes have spread worldwide and critical measures should be employed by the all countries to curb furtherance of this malefaction. Nowadays there exist several types of computer crimes, such as cyber warfare, cyber extortion, computer fraud, and cyber terrorism. On the Internet people could encounter with phishing, identity theft, hacking, and grooming. Though government is taking needed steps to combat cyber crimes, preventive measured should also be taken into account. The fights against computer crimes should be fought not only by the US legislators, prosecuting attorneys, security development authorities, but also by all computer users.

A Critical Analysis of the Documentary Supersize Me by Morgan Spurlock - Free Essay Example

In 2004, the American film-maker Morgan Spurlock made a documentary film Supersize Me. Produced in response to the unsuccessful legal suits against McDonalds fast food, the film brings to light Spurlocks own experiment with eating fast food and, above all, addresses those Americans who are obsessed with unhealthy fast food. The film-maker conducted the experiment for a month, during which he ate food only from McDonalds and observed the impact of fast food on his physical and emotional well-being. The more he ate in MacDonalds, the more side-effects he experienced, including depression, fatigue, sexual problems, headache, and chest pain. The camera captures all emotional and physical changes which occur in Spurlock. The film-maker cooperates with three doctors (a gastroenterologist, a cardiologist, and a general practitioner) who indicate the changes in his physical and psychological state (Sheehan, 2005, p.69). However, the principal idea to which Spurlock constantly returns throughout his documentary is that McDonalds fast food increases obesity in the United States (Sheehan, 2005, p.68). As is shown in the documentary, the weight of Spurlock before the experiment was 84 kg. In a period of one month, his weight increased up to 95 kg (Lusted, 2008, p.33). In addition to the weight increase, his cholesterol level changed from 168 to 230 (Sheehan, 2005, p.69). Observing such a damaging impact of fast food on patients health, the doctors recommended Spurlock to stop eating fast food in McDonalds. Although a low-budget documentary (with a budget only $65,000), Supersize Me has acquired great popularity among the national and international public due to its crucial social commentary on the issue of increasing obesity (Baym and Gottert, 2013, p.159). Spurlocks film consists not only of his own reflections and investigations, but also of a series of interviews which he took in the process of experiment (Day, 2011, p.116). Through his interviews with nutritionists, gym teachers, doctors, lawyers, cooks, and other experts, the film-maker attempts to gather diverse views on fast food eating and the fast food culture of modern America. In addition to the interviews, Spurlock also spreads a survey among children and finds out that they know perfectly well who Ronald McDonald is and know nothing about Jesus or George Bush. As is shown by Spurlock, McDonalds encourages children to eat fast food by organising birthdays and giving children free toys with its Happy M eals. To make his film more vivid, interactive, and factual, Spurlock uses cartoon animation (e.g. when showing how McNuggets are produced), statistics, and graphics (Day, 2011, p.116). Some statistical data are rather disturbing; for instance, the evidence gathered by the film-maker suggests that over 60 percent of Americans suffer from obesity and diabetes because of eating unhealthy fast food (Fazekas, 2005, p.144). Besides, 10,000 fast food advertisements are shown on television annually, attracting attention of not only adults, but also children (Fazekas, 2005, p.144). Throughout the documentary, the film-maker employs the shock techniques to evoke powerful emotions and reactions in his viewers. For instance, he depicts liposuction surgery, his own vomiting during the second eating of McDonalds meals, the numerous images of obese Americans, and school childrens addictive ingestion of harmful food. Spurlock also constantly returns to his own fast food addiction, demonstrating that he feels good only when he eats McDonalds food. While at the beginning of his experiment Spurlock looks and feels healthy, his physical and emotional state becomes worse with the progression of the experiment. Spurlocks girlfriend acknowledges that he smiles less than before, has sexual dysfunction, and depressive moods. Spurlock also demonstrates his own fears over the health problems which occur during the experiment. For instance, he depicts that one night he wakes up because of his inability to breathe. He is so afraid of this side-effect that he doubts whether to continue the experiment that threatens his life. However, Spurlock decides to finish the experiment even at the expense of his physical and emotional health. At the end of the film, Spurlock shocks his viewers by stating that he restored his physical and emotional health for about 14 months. He also shows a tombstone for the clown Ronald McDonald and asks his viewers: Who do you want to see go first, you or them? In addition to the use of shock techniques, the film-maker also uses comparative techniques. For instance, he contrasts American schools with fast food meals and soda machines to a school for troubled teenagers in Wisconsin where fast food was substituted for natural food (Fazekas, 2005, p.145). As Spurlock demonstrates, this food change has positively influenced childrens emotional well-being and behaviour. The film-maker gathers peoples opinions and visits McDonalds restaurants not only in Manhattan, but also in other American cities, such as Texas and California. By using both shock techniques and comparative techniques, Spurlock makes an attempt to engage the public into a dialogue on the issue of fast food eating. He also encourages parents to reconsider their childrens eating in McDonalds and their own responsibility for childrens healthy development. As Spurlock clearly shows in his documentary, parents are responsible for developing healthy eating habits in their childre n; otherwise, the consequences of their neglect will be detrimental for their children. In addition to parents irresponsibility, Spurlock also speaks against constantly increasing advertising of fast food. Although McDonalds claims that the company does not bear responsibility for peoples decision to eat fast food, it spends billions of dollars on advertising its products (Fazekas, 2005, p.144). To make things worse, Spurlock compares the amount of money which fast food companies spend on advertisements to the amount of money which healthy food organisations spend on advertisements. The figures he brings to the fore clearly demonstrate that the budget of healthy food organisations is significantly lower than the budget of fast food companies. In addition to his appeals to parents, advertisers, and the general public, Spurlock also appeals to the American government which fully neglects the reasons for peoples visits of McDonalds and consumption of unhealthy fast food. For instanc e, he shows the community which has no playground for children; hence, parents go to McDonalds because it has a playground. In other scenes, the film-maker focuses on school meals, demonstrating that schools often purchase fast foods for children because it is cheaper to buy fast foods than to prepare fresh meals. In view of such limited choices, children have to consume fast food instead of consuming healthy food. All these examples mentioned in Spurlocks documentary signify that both the government and educational establishments maintain the fast food culture to gain their own profits. Spurlocks documentary consists of several sections, each of which brings to light a new factor for his criticism of fast food eating. The film-maker often employs humour and satire in his discussion of a serious issue. On the one hand, this makes his documentary significantly entertaining. On the other hand, Spurlock succeeds in producing a black comedy which heavily relies on the elements of com edy to spread some crucial messages. This is especially evident in the scene when the American family tries to perform the Pledge of Allegiance near the White House, but forgets the words and starts singing McDonalds song. Although such scenes evoke laugh, they also make people think. Spurlock intentionally introduces funny elements to destroy peoples barriers and encourage them to perceive crucial information. As Supersize Me has clearly shown, such a technique is really successful as people tend to create barriers to somebody elses views and opinions; they tend to perceive these views with caution and distrust. However, when views and opinions are presented in a light, funny, and entertaining manner, people are more willing to accept them and, more importantly, believe the speaker. The film-maker also integrates music (e.g. Fat-Bottomed Girls by Queen) and new phrases (such as McStomach Ache or McTwitches) into his documentary to create appropriate mood and atmosphere. Besides, Sp urlock pays great attention to details (e.g. a hair in his food), uses entertaining pictures when changing the scenes, and effectively combines video and graphics. The use of all these techniques signifies that Spurlock attempts to produce not only a reflexive film, but also a highly experimental and dynamic film. Due to a masterful juxtaposition of techniques, Spurlock gradually engages viewers into the discussion. However, instead of providing a balanced standpoint, the film-maker expresses a significantly biased view on popularity of fast food eating in the United States. As such, the results of Spurlocks non-scientific experiment can be exposed to some criticism. For instance, Guy Russo, the chief executive of Australian McDonalds, opposed the view expressed by Spurlock by claiming that people do not eat fast food every day for three times (Gumbel, 2004, n.p.). Russo also criticised Spurlocks decisions not to do physical exercises and double his usual food intake during the e xperiment. In his viewpoint, such irresponsible and extreme actions, but not fast food eating had detrimental effects on Spurlocks physical and emotional well-being (Gumbel, 2004, n.p.). Klosterman (2006, p.65) points at the fact that Spurlock exaggerates the negative impact of fast food on his health because it is impossible to sell a movie about eating fast food and feeling fine. Klosterman (2006, p.65) also asserts that instead of putting the blame for eating fast food on an individual person, Spurlock puts the major blame on McDonalds and the American government. However, in the viewpoint of Klosterman (2006, p.66), McDonalds only gives people the product they want. Despite the mentioned critical comments, Spurlock has succeeded in producing a very important documentary which questions increasing popularity of fast food eating and makes the public and the American government reflect on the issues of unhealthy food and obesity. The film-maker has taken active steps in recognis ing a serious problem and in stirring up peoples emotional responses to the problem of unhealthy fast food and obesity. Throughout the documentary, Spurlock tries to convince viewers that fast food is a really bad choice; by bringing to light his recollections of childhood eating habits (e.g. when his family gathered together and ate home-made food), the film-maker demonstrates that such eating habits are significantly healthier and benefit children more than visits to McDonalds restaurants. As for Spurlocks biased views on fast food eating, it is necessary to take into account that the film-maker attempts to produce a point of view documentary which draws on the subjective approach and is strongly skewed toward a certain viewpoint (Lees, 2010, p.99). According to this distinct viewpoint, it is not only unhealthy menus of McDonalds and other fast food restaurants that pose a threat to the physical and mental well-being of children and adults, but the impact of fast food culture on p eoples values and lifestyles. Spreading fast food culture throughout America, corporations serve their own interests, while fully neglecting the needs and interests of common people. Although McDonalds fast food is inexpensive and tasty, the excessive consumption of this food (as Spurlock has clearly shown in his documentary) may be poisonous to the body of an adult, let alone to the body of a growing child. Spurlocks decision to focus on McDonalds restaurants does not mean that the film-maker has a personal dislike for McDonalds. His choice is explained by the fact that McDonalds is the largest company in the American fast food industry. Hence, by attacking McDonalds, Spurlock expresses his criticism of the whole fast food industry which manipulates people and makes them develop unhealthy eating habits. Although at times Spurlock turns to exaggerations, his documentary is perceived as a realistic account of the situation with American fast food eating. The film-maker intentional ly exaggerates some facts to accentuate the seriousness of unhealthy eating and obesity. In response to Spurlocks documentary, McDonalds has diversified its menu with some healthy food and has taken away the supersizing option (Sood, 2004, n.p.; Lusted, 2008, p.34; Baym and Gottert, 2013, p.159). Moreover, McDonalds has also started to provide information on fat content and calories so that McDonalds visitors can decide for themselves what to eat. As such, Spurlocks film has inspired slight changes in the American industry of fast food. Bibliography Baym, G. Gottert, C. (2013). 30 days. Social engagement. In: E. Thompson J. Mittell (Eds.), How to watch television (pp.159-167). New York: New York University Press. Day, A. (2011). Satire and dissent: Interventions in contemporary political debate. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Fazekas, I. (2005). The alkalizing diet: Your life is in the balance. Virginia Beach: A.R.E Press. Gumbel, A. (2004). The man who ate McDonalds. The Independent, 18 April. Available from: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/the-man-who-ate-mcdonaldsacirc-6167144.html [Accessed 17 April, 2015] Klosterman, C. (2006). Chuck Klosterman IV: A decade of curious people and dangerous ideas. New York: Simon Schuster. Lees, N. (2010). Greenlit: Developing factual/reality TV ideas from concepts to pitch. London: AC Black Publishers. Lusted, M. (2008). Obesity and food policing. Edina: ABDO Publishing. Sheehan, M. (2005). Supersize Me: A comparative analysis of responses to crisis by McDonalds America and McDonalds Australia. In: C. Galloway K. Kwanash-Aidoo (Eds.), Public relations issues and crisis management (pp.67-80). Melbourne: Thomson Social Science Press. Sood, S. (2004). Weighing the impact of Super Size Me. Alternet, 29 June. Available from: https://www.alternet.org/story/19059/weighing_the_impact_of_%26%238216%3Bsuper_size_me%26%238217%3B [Accessed 18 April, 2015]

Italian Language Lessons Italian Interrogative Pronouns

Senior Suicide An Overlooked Problem - 1531 Words

References Ellson, N. (2007). Senior suicide. New Jersey Nurse, 37(5), 5-9 2p. Monette, M. (2012). Senior suicide: An overlooked problem. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 184(17), E885-E886. doi:10.1503/cmaj.109-4287 Isometsà ¤ ET, Heikkinen ME, Marttunen MJ, Henriksson MM, Aro HM, Là ¶nnqvist JK. The last appointment before suicide: Is suicide intent communicated? Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:919-22. Suresh Kumar, P. N., Anish, P. K., George, B. (2015). Risk factors for suicide in elderly in comparison to younger age groups. Indian Journal Of Psychiatry, 57(3), 249-254. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.166614 Westefeld, J. S., Casper, D., Galligan, P., Gibbons, S., Lustgarten, S., Rice, A., ... Yeates, K. (2015). Suicide and Older Adults: Risk Factors and Recommendations. Journal Of Loss Trauma, 20(6), 491-508. doi:10.1080/15325024.2014.949154 Mezuk, B., Lohman, M., Leslie, M., Powell, V. (2015). Suicide Risk in Nursing Homes and Assisted Living Facilities 2003-2011. American Journal Of Public Health, 105(7), 1495-1502. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302573 Sà ¢rbu, E. A. (2014). Suicide by the Elderly. Social Work Review / Revista De Asistenta Sociala, 13(2), 103-111. Schmutte, T., O’Connell, M., Weiland, M., Lawless, S., Davidson, L. (2009). Stemming the tide of suicide in older white men: A call to action. American Journal of Men’s Health, 3, 3, 189‑200. Perkins, K., Tice, C. (1994). Suicide and older adults: The strengths perspective in practice. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 13, 4,Show MoreRelatedMental Illnesses Among Older Adults883 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the American Psychiatric Association â€Å"Studies show that seniors are at greater risk of some mental disorders and their complications than younger people, and many of these illnesses can be accurately diagnosed and treated.†(American Psychiatric Association, 2015, para. 1). Although many of the illnesses can be treated, many go undiagnosed due to the fact that many individuals do not understand mental illnesses and some seniors are reluctant to seek psychiatric care due to being ashamed orRead MoreThroughout The Duration And Both Plays, Hamlet And Othello,1162 Words   |  5 Pages Throughout the duration and both plays, Hamlet and Othello, the theme of revenge presides over the plot heavily. From the sin of Claudius killing Hamlet senior to Othello giv ing Cassio the title of lieutenant both ignite fierce opposition with the thought of retribution. Though there is opposition to those two decisions, nothing follows with any order or morality. Instead of serving proper justice to Claudius or disagreeing with Othello’s decision, the two men are brought to utter catastrophe. AsRead MoreThe Prevalence of Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes1773 Words   |  8 Pageshomes are a favored choice regardless of the gender, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status with approximately 352, 300 seniors living in special-care facilities throughout Canada (Stat Can, 2013). To many, nursing homes are seen as an ideal living arrangement for their loved elders, unfortunately that is not the reality for all seniors in these nursing homes. What seniors are led to believe is their new haven, may in fact, be just the opposite. Elders in Ontario nursing homes are being beatenRead MoreSocial Support And Isolation Is A Risk Factor For Depression1293 Word s   |  6 Pageshis chronic illnesses, his age also poses a risk factor for depression. Personal loss of a spouse, friends or independence occurs as one ages (Potter Moller, 2015). As Kyle is enduring these losses, he is challenged with feelings of bereavement. Suicide more frequently occurs in elderly individuals than in the general population. Lastly, feelings of inadequacy can pose a risk factor for depression. Kyle could have undergone these feelings as a result of both of his parents leaving him or as a resultRead MoreDepression And Memory Loss Of The Elderly1160 Words   |  5 Pagestime this is an unrealistic thought. New research suggests that retiring may have a negative impact on your physical and emotional health. According to a report by the Institute of Economic Affairs, retirement increases the risk of depression in seniors by forty percent. Depression is one factor of memory loss in the elderly. â€Å"Depression is a worldwide public health priority. The World Health Organization declared that by the year 2020, depression will be the second major public health concern inRead More Sleepless and Irritable956 Words   |  4 PagesFacebook. These things cause teenagers to stay up very late or they are kept awake the whole night trying to catch up with all the demands they couldn’t fit into their regular day. All this combined creates sleeping disorders in teens and causes health problems. Almost everyone knows in order to be healthy and fit sufficient sleep is required. Parents need to take care to watch over their teens and help them create a good sleep pattern it is proven that teens that have a good relationship with their parentsRead MoreThe United States Should Not Be A Complete Failure1358 Words   |  6 Pagesuses drones along with the CIA to take out terrorist who are causing harm to the citizens of Middle East cities and those who vow to bring Jihad to the fro nt door of the United States and their allies. Information gathering is an overwhelming problem because the Counter Terrorism networks have to break down data that can be re-classified to be shared with other agencies. The constant threat to the countries infrastructures is at an alarming rate because hackers are trying to take control of theRead MoreCultural Differences Surrounding Religious Beliefs And Video Game Habits1382 Words   |  6 Pagescultural differences surrounding religious beliefs and video game habits can create barriers to everyday communication that is necessary between roommates. Choosing the correct dorm to live in can be a very stressful decision for many high school seniors and lead to many unintended consequences by being assigned a roommate that is culturally different. During the summer of 2014, my roommates and I connected through Facebook and began to learn about each other’s lives. Being assigned a triple roomRead MoreA Look At Mental Illness2396 Words   |  10 Pagespsychiatric care, an d nine percent of private psychiatric care. It is estimated that 18 to 25 percent are in need of mental health care for illnesses such as depression, anxiety, psychosomatic disorders, schizophrenia, as well as adjustment to aging (Problems facing aging population in need of mental health care, 2013). Mental illness is often detected in the elderly when an additional illness is present. These illnesses can included cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and physical illnesses such as muscularRead More Stuck: Young Adults Battling Depression Essay2047 Words   |  9 Pagesdepression is steadily rising. Martin Seligman wrote in the book, Abnormal Psychology, that one out of six teenagers now suffer a serious episode of depression before graduating high school. This is a continuing trend in our society that is commonly overlooked. According to the National Institution of Mental Health (NIMH), major depression is a widely underrecognized and undertreated illness. It is estimated by the National Ag Safety Database (NASD) that over six million people in the United States

Does Smoking Cigarettes Relieve Stress Essay - 1037 Words

Does Smoking Cigarettes Relieve Stress? Does smoking a cigarette relieve stress? So many smokers swear to the fact that smoking a cigarette calms their nerves and relieves stress. In times of stress or pressure a cigarette is the only thing that will make them stay calm. Is this true? Is there really a direct correlation between cigarette smoking and stress relief? The researcher does not believe this to be true. Cigarette smoking is not a tranquilizer that will calm you during a time of duress. Actually the opposite is true. The dependency on nicotine is the key to it. The lack of nicotine in your body causes the stress and the cigarette you smoke when you are stressed is only feeding your addiction not relieving stress.†¦show more content†¦This shows that the need for a cigarette during peak stress times is something in your mind rather than an actual need for a cigarette. Those who believed they would be fine without smoking experienced far less cravings. This is important because it shows that smoking does not relieve stress, but someones expectancies about its stress relieving capabilities can cause stress. Saul Shiffman conducted a smoking research group at the University of Pittsburgh (2004, p. 192). He concluded that of the people he was researching that had quit smoking, those who experience a higher level of stress in their daily lives were more likely to have relapses than those who led less stressful lives. This shows that cigarette smoking is not a stress reliever but actually a form of stress itself. A possible experiment that could be done to test the correlation between smoking a cigarette and stress would be to use a control and an experimental group. Two groups of restaurant servers that work in very busy restaurants could be the two groups. The control group would be filled with servers who are non-smokers and the experimental group with servers who smoke regularly. 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Man untrue ideas have been spread about both products. Marijuana is not legal and it may not be as harmful as cigarettes. Marijuana is less harmful to the brain, body, and environment than cigarettes. When someone smokes a cigarette they say they feel a sensation all over their body. Users may experience different feelings. Many people say it creates a relaxing feeling all over the body, some say it helps to clear theirRead MoreEssay on Smoking Risks1748 Words   |  7 Pagesin today’s society is smoking. Yet each year, cigarette smoking kills more Americans than AIDS, alcohol, car accidents, homicides, suicides, illegal drugs and fires combined. Smoking is an extremely bad pastime, practiced for centuries, for an individual’s health and those surrounding him/her. People start for many different reasons and get addicted to the nicotine in cigarettes. Smoking cause many fatal diseases, but help is available to those who seek it. Cigarette smoking is a disgusting and unhealthyRead MoreSmoking Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesJerry Thomas Professor Michaud Comp amp; Lit 101 December 13, 2010 Ban Smoking The human body is made up of all different organs that are essential to our living being. Taking care of these organs is vital to maintaining our health. One of our most important organs is the lungs. The lungs are used to take in oxygen from the air and help us make blood cells in the body. Keeping the lungs healthy is necessary to keeping your breathing and blood healthy. There are many things that keepRead MoreThe Dangers of Cigarette Smoking1040 Words   |  5 PagesCigarette smoking is a dangerous habit that most users regret starting on. Nowadays, smoking can cause health problems for any human. Whether or not cigarette smoking should be banned completely, has become an object of controversy in many countries. Some people think that smoking cigarettes are a helpful way to reduce stress for the moment. 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Cardiovascular diseases have become the number one cause in global death due to the bad habits, diets, stress, and natural and chemical causes that the global population has. Having a bad diet is one of the main reasons why so many people suffer from heart disease. The foods that are high in fat can cause high levels of cholesterol in the blood

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1116 Words

What the hell is going on in Salem? Everyday someone new is being accused of being a witch. No one is safe. Hide your kids; hide your wife, because they are accusing everyone around here. In the play, The Crucible, the Salem Witch Trials are taking place and many people are being falsely indicted of practicing witch craft. Thus, meaning many innocent individuals are being hanged because of the lies of four young girls. The Crucible, has many themes, but the most impactful one is hands down â€Å"Power Corrupts†. It outlines every little detail in the story of how Judge Danforth, Abigail, and Reverend Hale become evil and corrupt with the power they obtain throughout the plot of the story. In the play, Abigail is thought to be the ring leader of†¦show more content†¦Since Abigail knows people will have pity on her, she uses this to her advantage when she is talking to Parris about Goody Proctor, John Proctor’s wife, where she says, â€Å"She hates me uncle, she must, for I would not be her slave† (Miller 1132). When she says this, Abigail implies that everyone is attacking her by redundantly accusing her of practicing witch craft in the woods. In the end, Abigail triumphs everyone when her and Mercy Lewis run off together after they steal a lump sum of money from Parris’ secret saving stash. So whether or not Abigail is truly guilty, it doesn’t matter because she got away. Reverend Hale is also another character corrupted with power. When he is called into Salem to examine Parris’ daughter, Betty, he automatically thinks he is going to find sinister spirits within her with ease; especially when he states, â€Å"†¦Here are all your familiar spirits, your incubi, and succubi, your witches that go by land, by air, and by sea; your wizards of the night and of the day†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Miller 1150). By declaring this, Hale is giving the notion that Salem is full with witches and it will be a walk in the park extorting spirits there. Although his main purpose in Salem is to simply analyze Betty, he really wants to accuse Abigail because she is thought to be the frontrunner of the entire witch craft situation. This way he will receive

Kindergarten Chats †Architecture Free Essays

This reading has introduced me to various factors in architecture regarding what it represents and should be in society through Louis Sullivan words. A Terminal Station: The Masculine Implies forceful, direct, clear and straightforward, The Feminine Implies intuitive sympathy, suavity, grace, and qualities of soothe, elevate, and refined. Should be easy to get in and out (efficiency) Outward aspect of the style takes on the ambulance of architecture. We will write a custom essay sample on Kindergarten Chats – Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now I agree, a terminal station should be able to tell us what it is and from the outside, where are the entrances, exists, etc†¦ This is a public figure and needs to be clear. The Key: Each buildings external aspect represents character and it’s up to us to unlock the architecture behind the building. The Architect represents or misrepresents society at large; what his plain duty is, if any what society has demanded and expect. There is a particular trust between the society and the Architects. Whichever way our architecture goes, so will our country go However the architecture is rotten to the core, according to Sullivan, the illusion of American architecture. I agree how the public in large is not heavily involved in how their architecture is designed, thus we are putting trust on architect’s hands. Nature: Is visible, objective forms, contains aspects of beauty of form and color. The elements of earth and air shaped by delicate hand of time A creative impulse of origin In conclusion, buildings are made of materials, but the elements of the earth are removed from the matrix of nature, and reorganized and reshaped by force; mechanical, muscular, mental, emotional, moral, and spiritual. Character: Not confined to the individual, it is also defined by the municipality, the nation, rent trends, and qualities that we the people are demanding in the marketplace. Values: We recognize values in medals, diplomas, or monuments. Brings a sense of community Curtain values in which money cannot measure. Take for example a building, any builder can tell you the estimated value of the property in money terms. However, the value of the building is based on subjective value and Dollar value. Sullivan recommends that both come into play. Human nature determines the subjective value, which is more permanent, but money value is inseparable from the a Roman temple: affairs of life. Sullivan talked about how roman temples are place in great modern cities, at the same time having a strenuous sight, sound, that remind the people of their god. Such a holy precinct shall be doubly sacred to us in our reverence for this union of old and new. An example of how a building can be highly subjective, take for example a bank. Just as we discussed in class, a Bank wants their building to seem powerful with strong values. Sullivan disagrees that banks in America should not resemble a Roman Temple. He believes that it should belong to ancient Romans and that banks an make as much money in any kind of bank. Thus no need for imitations . It was a part of Roman life and their culture, and that goes along with the Roman glory, thus building temples all over resemble a roman death. Taste: It expresses a familiarity with current persons of the culture, or trends. Ђ When an architect loses trust from the people at large, this is called weak taste. I always consider taste as what the market demands, for example having garages in suburban houses because of the demand for car and storage area. A Department Store: Sullivan describes a department stores as a structure that is logical, though, and states directly its purpose, and unmistakable though not wholly gratifying index of the business conducted within its wal ls. It’s directness of statement is its chief virtue. Expanse of glass and light and displays In other words, it stands to reason that a thing looks like what it is and outward appearances resemble inner purposes. This is a great example of Function and Form. Function and Form: Every form we see there is a vital something or other which we do not see, which makes itself visible to us in that very form. A state of nature the form exists because of the function and behind the form is neither more nor less than a manifestation of what you call the infinite creative spirit, called God. Ђ A building is properly designed when you are able to read through and know the reason for that building. The details are not the same as the parts and the mass. Logical vs.. Organic growth Logical is scholarship, or taste, or all of them combined, cannot make organic architecture Logical is common sense, a thoroughly disciplined mind, a perfect quinine, and a gracious gift of expression. Logical can not deal with creativity process, for the creating fun ction is vital, as its name is pure-reason. Ђ Organic correlates to organism, structure, growth, development, and form. Organic implies the pressure of a living force and a resultant structure or mechanism. The pressure is Function and the resultant is Form. Ornaments in Architecture: Sullivan explains ornaments as a decorative application of enhanced beauty of our structures. It’s what gives charm to a building. I agree with Sullivan that it’s a luxury, to a necessary, because of the great value of the masses. Take for example a garage; to me it does not need ornaments, because Just the building itself provides the required beauty. However I agree that a certain type of ornaments mixes well with certain buildings, examples: retail, industrial, residential, office, etc. Beautiful building may be designed that shall bear no ornaments A decorated structure, harmoniously conceived, well considered, cannot be stripped of its system of ornament without destroying its individuality. The luxury of this inquiry becomes necessary; our architecture shall have neared its final development. Ђ Ornament design will be more beautiful if it seems a part of the surface or substance that receives it than if it looks â€Å"struck on. † Both the structure and ornament obviously benefit by this sympathy; each enhancing the value of the other. Also a curtain kind of ornament should appear on a certain kind of structure. Buildings should posses an individuality as marked as that which exists among men, making them distinctly separable from each other, however a strong the racial or family semblance may be. If I stare at my house, I will see all types of Ornaments that have been chosen because of my Hispanic culture, Ecuadorian family, sports, hobbies, and each room has a certain type of style. Thoughts about this Reading I personally did not like this reading as a narrative, because there were many parts filled with a lot of fluff. I prefer to read a reading that is more straightforward and provides real examples and has pictures. Overall, my favorite parts talking about we the people have trust and give total control to developers and architects of designing our lives. How to cite Kindergarten Chats – Architecture, Papers

Benito Mussolini1 Essay Example For Students

Benito Mussolini1 Essay In my perspective, my biography is based on one of the most interesting men of the 20th Century. My biography would not have been done without the knowledge ofEdwin Hoyt. He was the author of the biography based on Benito Mussolini called Mussolinis Empire. This 298-page book describes Mussolinis rise and fall of the Fascist Empire. Benito Mussolini also known as il duce, was born in Predappio, Romagna on July 29, 1883. His father Alessandro was a blacksmith, and his mother Rosa was aSchoolteacher. Mussolini followed in his fathers footsteps and became a devoted socialist. In 1901 he qualified as an elementary schoolmaster. In 1902 he went to Switzerland to find a job. They arrested him and kicked him out of the country because he was vagabonding. They took him back to Italy where he joined a staff of a newspaper in the Austrian town of Trento in 1908. Mussolinis contributions to society werent really contributions; they were more like threats to society. One of the biggest threats that he introduced was in March 1919when he founded the Fasci de Combattimento. This brought him up for elections in 1919, where he failed to enter the parliament. In 1921, Mussolini was introduced to the parliament as a right-wing member. Italy was growing in revolutionary confusion, and it was up for the liberal governments to prevent the spread of anarchy because Mussolini gave his approval in strikebreaking, so that meant that the Fascisti also known as armed squads would be stagnant and not try to prevent any revolutionary agitation. The liberal governments failed to stop the spread of anarchy. Due to their failure the king had no choice but to ask Mussolini to form his own government. In 1925-1926 he was able to assume dictatorial parties and dissolve all other political parties. Now you might ask yourself How is this a threat to society? Well, thi s was not only a threat to society but also a threat to his society. This man had power to control the whole country. He was able to choose and make any rules that he wanted. Now if you ask me, this man was incredible. Started out as an editor of a socialist newspaper and ended up as a dictator controlling Italy. This man controlled the armed Fascist militia, this power gave him the ability to declare war and use them in any way he wanted. Now that their was dictatorship there was no need for the parliamentary system, so it was practically abolished, law codes were rewritten, teachers in schools and universities had to swear an oath to defend the Fascist regime. Newspaper editors were chosen by Mussolini himself. If you didnt have a certificate approved by the Fascist party you could forget about having a journalism career. All industries went from public to private ownership. Everything was under governmental control. As you can see Italys society was hit hard. I mean their whole h istory was wiped out like it was never there, and all of a sudden Italy was introduced to a beginning of a new era. Dictatorship also affected society itself outside Italy. In Mussolinis footsteps followed Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany. Mussolini had an imperial dream, and Hitler had no dream he just wanted to wipe out Jews and take over as many lands as possible. Everything was going well for Mussolini until 1943 when the Italians got defeated by Anglo-Americans landing in Sicily. After this happened Mussolinis colleagues turned against him at a meeting of the Fascist Grand Council on July 25, 1943. This enabled the king to dismiss and arrest him. Hitler being the subordinate partner of Mussolini ordered his troops to rescue him. Mussolini infuriated that his Fascist leaders let him down, he got some to get executed including his son in law, Galeazzo Ciano. Another conflict that he was faced with was trying to make it to Switzerland without getting caught by any Italians. In April 1945 just before the allied armies reached Milan, Mussolini along with his mistress Clara Petacci, were caught by Italian partisans as he tried to take refuge in Switzerland. Unfortunately they were both executed by gettingShot. Even after Mussolini got shot he got beat up. That just shows how much anger the Italians had toward him. A very horrificpicture of Mussoli ni and his mistressClara Petacci after being executed. Theywere hanged for display for everybodyto see. These Italians really had no love for him. They were displayed like if theyWhat I really liked about him was that he knew how to talk to people. He knew how to communicate, and thats got him all the way to the top. He started in his newspapers and ended up in a balcony over thousands of people. He would intoxicate them with his powerful speeches. I really like that in a person, he spoke his mind and these Italians absolutely loved what was coming out of that mans mouth. It was really incredible how a single person could have the gift to persuade thousands of people to do absolutely anything. As I read the book this author showed me no humor. He was straight to the point and very scholarly with his stuff. I bet you any money that the impression that this man gave me, was the same that the author received. This author really put a lot in to the bookbecause I read other books about M ussolini and they do not compare to Edwin Hoyts. .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e , .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e .postImageUrl , .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e , .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e:hover , .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e:visited , .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e:active { border:0!important; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e:active , .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8f4854d7e97be68f3a2c55b6f942ac8e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Money Matters EssayI guess that once you get hooked on an interesting person you stay with him the whole way. Life being so interesting an all. What survived of Mussolini were his wife Rachele, two sons, Vittorio and Romano, and his daughter Edda, widow of Count Ciano. A third son, Bruno had been killed in an air accident. This was just a brief story about his life, but this why he fascinates me because of his ambition and devotion. This is why I think he is one the most interesting men of the 20th Century. Bibliography:

Ecommerce Essay Prompts Example For Students

Ecommerce Essay Prompts Electronic commerce has its ups and downs for consumers. On one hand, online shopping holds the potential for more convenience and broader selections. On the other, it has bred confusion over the legitimacy of electronic records. Being that the Internet is one of the fastest growing forms of business, it is offering the consumers the convenience of shopping at home. This helps many people who are handicapped, or those who are too busy to go to the store and shop. E-commerce also gives the shopper a wider variety of items to buy from. Being that a conventional store or mall has a limited amount of warehouse space, they can only hold so much in their store. A consumer may be looking for a different brand or another style. With Internet stores and buying straight from the manufacture, the Internet doesnt have to deal with the limited space problem. One of the problems with shopping on the Internet is that people dont believe that the Internet is just like a piece of paper, a binding document. As for e-mail notices consumers dont give them the same scrutiny as other paper notices. Even if the consumer cant open the e-mail or if an automatic junk mail filter throws it away. E-commerce has its ups and downs for consumers. Being that we have entered the internet age I believe that shopping on the internet will take away a lot of the business for the conventional malls and storesBibliography:

Matching Essays - Medicine, Bone Fractures, Emergency Medicine

Matching Match the following terms with the proper definition or example. _____ 1. Central Sports Medicine Team _____ 2. Peripheral Sports Medicine Team _____ 3. Pediatrician _____ 4. Human Anatomy _____ 5. Biomechanics _____ 6. Negligence _____ 7. Assumption of Risk _____ 8. Proximate Cause _____ 9. Informed Consent _____ 10. Gross Negligence _____ 11. Amphiarthrodial joint _____ 12. Synarthrodial Joint _____ 13. Diarthrodial Joint _____ 14. Epidermis _____ 15. Epiphysis _____ 16. Comminuted Fracture _____ 17. Blowout Fracture _____ 18. Abrasion _____ 19. Contusion _____ 20. Laceration _____ 21. Occipital lobe _____ 22. Cerebrospinal fluid _____ 23. Frontal Lobe _____ 24. Amnesia _____ 25. Tinnitis a. a closed wound that bleeds under the surface of the skin b. a jagged, irregular open wound c. wound characterized by scraping layers of the skin d. a fracture resulting in three or more fragments of bone e. fracture that occurs around the orbit of the eye f. team members that include physical therapists, dentists and chiropractors g. specializes in the medical treatment of children h. refers to the study of bones, joints, muscles and organs i. refers to the science of human movement j. team members that include the athlete, coach, ATC and team physician k. a freely movable joint that has a joint capsule l. essentially an immovable joint that is characterized by bones held together by tough connective tissue m. the most superficial layer of skin n. area of long bone where growth occurs o. a joint of cartilage that links bones, such as where the ribs join the sternum p. failing to provide even a slight amount of care q. close connection between action and resulting injury r. legal w rong when one fails to act as a reasonable person would s. acknowledging the full understanding of dangers in sports t. obtaining permission to treat an athlete u.difficulty remembering things v. bathes the brain for protection w. most posterior lobe of the brain x. ringing in the ears y. the most anterior brain lobe

Statistics Related to Fathers Day

Statistics Related to Fathers Day The history of the Fathers Day in the United States goes back over a century.   In 1909 Sonora Dodd of Spokane, Washington thought of the idea of Father’s Day. After hearing a Mother’s Day sermon she thought it would be appropriate to also have a day honoring fathers. Her father, in particular, deserved recognition. William Smart, Sonora’s father, was a Civil War veteran, farmer, and widower who had raised six children. The third Sunday of Smart’s birth month of June 1910 was chosen by Spokane as the first Father’s Day. National recognition in the U.S. of Father’s Day took some time. It was not until 1966 when President Lyndon B. Johnson issued the first presidential proclamation commemorating the third Sunday in June as Father’s Day that the holiday was officially recognized nationally. Six years later, in 1972 President Richard M. Nixon signed a law making Father’s Day a permanent fixture of the third week in June. The U.S. Census Bureau collects data on a wide variety of aspects of life in the U.S. They have several statistics relating to fathers. A few of these Fathers Day statistics follow below: Fathers Day Statistics There are approximately 152 million males in the United States. Of these about 46% (70 million) are fathers.About 16% (25 million) of all males in the U.S. had children younger than 18 in 2011.In 2011 there were 1.7 million single fathers. Of these men 5% were widowed, 19% were separated, 31% were never married and 45% were divorced.In 2011 there were approximately 176,000 stay-at-home dads. These were classified as married fathers who had been out of the workforce for over a year, with a wife who works outside the home. Approximately 332,000 children were cared for by these stay-at-home days, or on average, about 1.9 children per dad.In 2010 approximately 17% of all U.S. preschoolers were cared for by their father while mom was at work.As far as a gift goes for dad on Father’s Day, there are a number of options of items to buy and places to purchase a gift. All data is from the most recent year available, 2009:There were 7,708 men’s clothing stores in the U.S. where yo u could buy a tie.There were 15,734 hardware stores in the U.S. where you could buy an assortment of tools. Closely related to this gift category are the 6,897 home stores around the country.There were 21,628 sporting goods stores in the U.S., which stocked popular gifts such as fishing gear and golf clubs. Just over 79 million Americans reported eating at a barbecue in 2010. Due to Father’s Day falling during prime barbecue season, many of these people ate at a barbecue on the third Sunday of June. Happy Fathers Day to all fathers out there.

Critical Analysis of Giac Duyen in The Tale of Kieu Essay

Critical Analysis of Giac Duyen in The Tale of Kieu - Essay Example I say this because Giac Duen is the only character whose religiosity represents the Buddhist institutional belief through her actions. Being the embodiment of Buddhist virtues, a Buddhist nun Giac Duen appears to be friendly, kind-hearted and compassionate to distressed Kieu. Indeed her friendly guardianship seems to fill up the vacuum of a religious authority that the medieval Vietnamese literary tradition often required. Du does not tell us much about the prioress’s past. Yet she appears to be self-evident because of her admirable religiosity and her actions accordingly. Indeed at times, her humanity surpasses her religiosity also. Ultimately her religiosity as well as her universal humanity makes her an outstanding figure, in the poem, which serves as an instrument that assists Kieu to get relief of the karmic retribution. In the story ‘The Tale of Kieu† Nguyen Du shows that a true friend’s assistance and love can make one successful in the end and the pr ioress Giac Duyen is the perfect example of such friendship. Giac’s relationship with Kieu grows on the basis of fellow-feeling, compassion and humanity. Though in the story Giac appears as a representative of the Buddhist religious institution, she is essentially a universal humanitarian who could surpass the boundary of her religious restriction. When Kieu flees from Hoan, the tyrant wife of Thuc, and reaches the prioress’s home, she compassionately provides her with shelter and food. This humanitarian face of Giac could have been overshadowed by her religiosity, when Kieu discloses her miserable past. But it did not happen in reality. Learning about Kieu’s past suffering, sorrow and life of prostitution, she was swinging between her compassion for the distressed girl and her religious fear about Kieu’s sin in her early life. Indeed her compassion wins over her religious fear. Even though she believes that Kieu’s suffering is the result of her Ka rma in early life, she has tried to minimize her agony. She advises Kieu to walk the noble path of a prioress. She says, â€Å"The Buddha's gate is open wide to all. But things I can't foresee are what I dread. I'd sorely grieve if something struck you here. Plan far ahead and flee - you'd be unwise to sit and wait till waters reach your feet† (line 2076). Kieu the protagonist is only able to change her destiny through the kind-hearted Buddhist nun by the name of Giac Duen. And consequently, Kieu is highly induced by the way of life of Giac and meanwhile Giac’s dominance starts playing with more priority over Kieu even her lover and husband too. Kieu took very little time to win the support from Giac. Knowing Kieu’s destiny, Giac responds to Kieu for helping her by prediction and to save Kieu from her sorrow and distressed condition which she experienced a lot in her early life. Giac also helped Kieu from jealous of Miss Hoan. So, Giac is somehow appeared as a s avor for Kieu. Giac, a strong character of integrity and loyalty tries to recover Kieu from the experience of her harsh destiny with every time assistance even with the absence of Kieu, made her great one and high character and the centered women in the story. We see that Giac didn’t leave Kieu even after her successive events of her life including death of

Effective team performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Effective team performance - Essay Example During the project, as the team progressed through its four development stages described by Tuckman’s model (Beyerlein and Johnson 2000) many problems and conflicts surfaced, not beyond expectations. Although problems addressed as the team developed more collaboration, communication and understanding of team objectives, these could have been avoided (Kayes 2004). During the project, engagement of group in different activities discussed helped developing a cohesive team. This project report primarily aims to elaborate significance of reflection in learning and analyses transformation of experiences into learning process (Kolbs 1984). Also this report describes the process of development of a group into a team, associated problems, and narrates the key role of different concepts and theories. Soon after group formation, I was skeptical about the group future, team development, team interactions and achievement of desired objectives. Beyerlein and Johnson (2000) view it as initial stage of team forming based on Bruce Tuckman Model where group members develop understanding among them. According to McManus (2000), teams exhibit a strong commitment, high degree of cohesiveness and accomplishment towards common goal than groups. Chaney and Lyden (2000) advocate teamwork for improvement in problem solving, decision-making and communications. During the initial stage of group formation, members were not focused towards team objectives rather were busy in their personal and social issue. Even they were neither in knowledge nor prepared for meetings agenda items. Team members being less organized and non-interactive were shy and reluctant to share knowledge and experience. These issues introduced hurdles in task completion, team development, cohesion and improving collaboration. Task sequencing and interdependencies caused problems when the completion of one job depended upon input from another

Health and Safety Processes at Work: Chemical Hazards

Health and Safety Processes at Work: Chemical Hazards France Ogagarue Managing Health and Safety Process at Work Topic: Chemical Hazards 1.0 Introduction Chemical Hazard under the (WHS Directives) is any material, mix or article that satisfies the  criteria of one or additional internationally harmonised system of category and classification  of chemical hazards classes, counting in (WHS Directives in schedule section 6 of the directive) in relative to chemical, a chemical hazard is a set of natural properties of the material, mix article or process that may cause unfavourable effect to the organisms, community or environments. (WHS Directives) analysis further, there are two main types of chemical hazards connected with hazardous chemicals, which may present an instant or long term damage or health illness to worker well-being and creature. The two main types of chemical hazards are classified as follows. According to (WHS Directives) health hazards, this are properties chemical that contain the potential to cause unfavourable health effect, for examples, exposure frequently occur throughout inhalation, and skin contacts or ingestion, unfavourable health effect can been either, (acute short term) or (chronic long term) classic acute health effects comprise of headaches, vomiting or skin decay, while chronic health effects comprise of dermatitis, nerve damage, cancer and asthma. Further examination from (WHS Directives) physicochemical hazards, this are physical or chemical properties of the material that mix or article that pretence risks to worker health, and other than health risks, they do not arise as result of the organic contact of the chemical with peoples. They arise throughout unsuitable handling or use and can frequently effects in damage to peoples and or harm to properties as effect of the intrinsic physical hazard, examples, of physicochemical hazards contain explosive, corrosive or flammable, therefore, chemically reactive and oxidising chemicals both have health and physiochemical hazardous. Management Intervention Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 2nd ed. (1979) chemical analysis the role of management intervention must included risk appraisal under (WHS Directive) although it’s necessary for specific situation, for examples, when working with hazardous chemical materials. However, management though in many situation it will be the greatest way to establish the measure that have to be implement to control hazards and risks in the workplace including the environment, (EMS-ISO 4001) BS. In addition, management intervention will assist the following for examples. Recognize which worker well-being, are at risk to chemical hazards exposure Establish which sources and process are causing the chemical hazards and risks Categorize what kind of control and monitoring measure should be implement Verification of the efficiency of the existing control measure and monitoring systems in place When the hazards and the related risks are well know, and have well be set up and established suitable adequate control measure to monitor the hazards chemical risk in the work environments, the risk appraisal must also judge anticipated failure of plant and machinery tooling equipments, as well as any additional control measure to avoid the hazards chemical risk of workers, community and the environment issue in line with (EMS-ISO 4001) BS. 1.2. Management Best Practice Hilado, C.J. Clack. Organic Solvent, Chem. Eng, NY, (1972), (19), (75-80) beliefs, management must implement their best safety practice to intervene with reference to (WHS Directives. R. 330) to ensure the producer or the importer must put in practise a safety symbol of safety date sheet for the hazardous chemical before initial developed or import hazardous chemical or as quickly as best practicable after the initial developed or import and before initial supply, to any work place. Therefore, the producer or the importer of the hazardous chemical must supply up to date the safety data sheet for the hazardous chemical. 1.3 Labels NIOSH OSHA Product Guide to Chemical Hazards, (NIOSH) September (1978), Public, No, (78) analysis, the producer and the importer of a hazardous chemical must ensure it’s properly label as quickly as best practicable, after developed or importing the hazardous chemical substances under (WHS Directive. R. 335), hazardous chemical information will be accessible from the label, some product labels do not enclose all chemical hazards information, and i.e. all hazards chemical substances that are dangerous goods are full labelled to meet safety transport requirements. Below some examples of safety hazardous chemical label cautions and the types of hazardous hazards you can simply identify. Flammable Acute Toxicity Warning Human Health Corrosive Sources: Http://www.HSG 65 1.4 Control Measure Proctor, N. Hughes, Hazards in the Workplace, (1978) analysis the hierarchy of control of hazards chemical readily available in a quantity of ways to control the risks related with hazardous chemical substances, several machines control measure are extra effective than others, control measure can been rank starting the highest levels of defence and dependability to the lowest levels. These ranking is recognized as the hierarchy of control measure and monitoring systems. Management of hazards chemical substance, must always aim to eliminate a hazards and related risks initial, if these is not reasonably best practicable, the risks should be minimised by means of one or the following approach techniques either by for examples, the followings. By Substitution. By Isolation and, By implementing engineering control guards. If a risk then leftovers, it must be minimised by implement an administrative control measure in places, so far as is reasonably best practicable means, any leftover risks must be minimised with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). In summary it’s advisable to implement local exhaust ventilation systems to arrest airborne contamination substance that will cause hazardous chemical harm to workers well-being, working environment and the community the ventilation must be in safety order to stop contamination of chemical substance harm from incoming contact toward the breathing zone in relation to the workers health and safety. 1.5 Conclusion In occupational health and safety, chemical hazard is any material that has be mix or article of difference combination of chemical substance, under (WHS Directive) that can lead to cause harm to well-being of workers health and safety at the working place and environments or the community in general. The health effect from hazardous chemical can contribute to either acute short term or chronic long term health effects; therefore, risk appraisal is necessary for a specific situation to manage the hazards chemical substance within the working place to recognize which worker at risk to hazardous chemical. Therefore, hierarchy of control measure of hazards chemical issue have be implements in the working place to monitors and minimised the risks level of workers expose to the above hazards, the risks control measure must aim to eliminate the risks and hazards associated the chemical substances either by the following ways, by substitution, isolation or implementing engineering or an adm inistrative control measure including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)

Individual Management/Leadership Style

There are few, if any, hotter topics in management, business and organization theory at the present time than ‘leadership'. Leadership is the block at the top of the model of a good team, not because it is most important, but because it is the ultimate goal of an effective, efficient team. A good leader shares responsibility and glory, is supportive and fair, creates a climate of trust and openness, and is a good coach and teacher. Yet the test of a truly good leader is that the team operates as smoothly whether the leader is present or absent. Problem solving, decision making, team participation and conflict resolution are fundamental leadership activities. Rarely, are there any dead certainties in the world of business – especially in the current and foreseeable climate of uncertainty, ambiguity and paradox. Fear of failure, consequent risk-aversion and reluctance to move very far from ‘safe ground' or comfort zones can severely limit the quality relevance and na ture of decisions taken by those in managerial and leadership roles (Autry 50).Problem solvingSuccessful problem solving involves a search for the best problem space as well as the best program. Problem solving involves processing information. This is a three stage process:1. Recognizing the task environment. First, one perceives the events, interprets these invents and recognizes the nature of the task—e.g. notice disquiet in the office and see that the task is to identify how the disquiet can be resolved.2. Transformation into the person’s problem space. Next one views the task in a specific way. Here one has to be quite specific about the goal—what has to be done, where one stands in relationship to the goal and what kinds of acts need to be carried out in order to reach the goal. For example, from experience one will know that one cannot jump to any quick conclusions about the source of the disquiet in the office but will know how to set about finding out th e source of the disquiet.3. Processing the data and moving towards the goal. Depending on how the problem space has been conceived, one uses various kinds of information given with the problem or drawn from memory to process the data so as to move towards the problem solution. For example, in the illustration one will have had experience, of diagnosing problems of unrest in the office and will be able to call upon this experience along with information noted which is specific to the current situation in the office.In the course of working through the above steps the problem solver will notice whether any of the steps or series of steps he or she makes reduces the distance to the goal—i.e. resolving or solving the problem. If this seems to be the case then the problem solver will continue with that line of enquiry. If the steps do not seem to be productive then alternative steps will be followed. Progress and search for solutions are related to constant feedback of information obtained from people and objects in the problem situation.Problem solving involves the search for the most successful programs. However, successful problem solving may not so much be a search for a successful program as a search for the best problem space. It would seem, however, that both are required to increase the likelihood of finding good solutions to problems.Decision makingDecision making is effective when the leader is aware of and uses many methods to arrive at decisions. Consensus is often touted as the best way to make decisions—and it is an excellent method and probably not used often enough. But the team the leaser also uses majority rule, expert decision, authority rule with discussion, and other methods.Effective decision making is essential to a team's progress; ideally, leaders that are asked to solve problems should also have the power and authority to implement solutions. They must have a grasp of various decision-making methods, their advantages and disa dvantages, and when and how to use each. Leaders that choose the right decision-making methods at the right time will not only save time, but they will also most often make the best decisions.A key aspect of the leader's decision-making style, in bringing about productive synergy, is the ability to create opportunities for dialogue and shared reflection with others which lead to joint ownership of problems, solutions and decisions. Communication is crucial in the natural development of synergy. Simple techniques such as the use of open-ended questions can help to strengthen rapport as a necessary preliminary to peak communication, eg:†¢ ‘How could we do that better?'†¢ ‘What would be a viable option that would give us ‘x' but would avoid doing ‘y'?'†¢ ‘What would you really like to see happen here?'†¢ ‘What would you do?†¦ What would you do next?†¦ and then?'†¢ ‘How could we make  £50,000 saving on the fi rst stage of project ABC?'†¢ ‘Let's take your idea of starting with product development – then let's see it from marketing's perspective, before we commit to a decision'.†¢ ‘I like your proposal – let's build on that and see if we can improve on Graham's target'.The asking of ‘open' questions, in a non-threatening, non-judgmental way, with appropriate attendant body language, eg nodding, ‘mirroring' posture and gesture, reinforcing and adding to the other's contributions – are simple, but crucial techniques for giving positive messages of approval and encouragement. A demonstrable shift from authoritarian to supportively authoritative demeanour may be essential, before peak communication, synergy and ‘flow' – indicating personal authenticity in decision making – can come about between people, with the resultant mutual and shared payoffs.In the interests of both operational synergy and strategic crossfunctiona l interdependence, so-called ‘private intending' in decision making needs to function at a level which reconciles the need for fast, adaptable individual initiative, on the one hand, with necessary collaborative responses, on the other. As organisations reduce, hierarchically, and become flatter structures, with greater emphasis upon project team working, so decision-making needs to be considered increasingly, as a natural team process, as well as an individual role prerogative – particularly as crucial end results come more and more to depend, ultimately, upon willing and accountable collaborative effort.Team participationA team is a group of people who share a common purpose and work in a coordinated and interdependent relationship. Teams help members create a positive culture; one identified by high-trust levels. Team relationships allow members to align with the culture and the team’s purposes. They lead to synergy. Successful leaders who commit to — a nd deliver — outstanding results, do so as a result of the effective leadership and management of their teams. They understand that their route to success is, inevitably through engaging, focusing and mobilizing others' brainpower, horsepower and commitment.Team participation engages the mental and emotional involvement of leaders and followers: that is, the involvement of the member’s egos as well as their physical and mental capacities. Teaming also asks members to exercise their creative self and to increase their personal sense of responsibility through involvement. Team members need to recognize that the corporation wants their total involvement. And, when given, involvement increases the member’s sense of responsibility and ownership for the corporation and its results.If communication is the most important team characteristic, participation is the second most important. Without participation, you don't have a team; you have a group of bodies. Balanced par ticipation ensures that everyone on the team is fully involved. It does not mean that if you have five people each is speaking 20 percent of the time. Talking is not necessarily a measure of participation. We all know people who talk a lot and say nothing. It does mean that each individual is contributing when it's appropriate. The more a team involves all of its members in its activities, the more likely that team is to experience a high level of commitment and synergy (Depree 52).Balanced participation means that each team member joins the discussion when his or her contribution is pertinent to the team assignment. It also means that everyone's opinions are sought and valued by others on the team. Participation is everyone's responsibility. As a team moves from a forming stage to more mature stages of group development, team members must make certain that everyone is an active participant. If you have team members who did not participate early in the formation of the team, they wi ll withdraw even more as the going becomes more difficult. Two important things influence team participation: the leader's behavior and the participants' expectations.A leader's behavior comes as much from attitude as from anything. Leaders who are effective in obtaining participation see their role as being a coach and mentor, not the expert in the situation. Leaders will get more participation from team members if they can admit to needing help, not power. Leaders should also specify the kind of participation they want right from the start. Will everyone share their own ideas and then decide what to do or will the group discuss the pros and cons of the leader's idea?Leaders need to create a participative climate. They must make it a practice to speak last to avoid influencing others. Often a leader may put an idea on the table â€Å"just to get things started.† But what happens? Everyone jumps on the idea and stops thinking. People may feel, â€Å"Well, if that's what she wants, that's it.† Leaders need to reward risk taking. Those â€Å"half-baked† partial ideas that people bring up may be just what gets the team moving toward a solution, idea, or new opportunity (Denis, Lamothe and Langley 69). Leaders must always protect the minority views. Anyone can think like everyone else. It takes courage to think and speak differently.Conflict resolutionConflict, while sometimes productive, often represents a negative effect on organizational interaction. Diversity sometimes intensifies conflict. Differing values, customs, and beliefs among employees provide the foundation for conflict. This kind of cultural diversity can produce negative results, confusion, and stress. While diversity produces more ideas, it also forces people to clarify their views. Conflict resolution becomes a significant leadership task in which leaders become mediators of difference. They need to be power brokers to allocate influence and resources. Leaders often need to r esort to any of the following strategies for dealing with conflict (Storey 11):Domination – assuming the decision and rejecting dissenters,Containment – ignoring the issues, minimizing them, demanding rationality and objectivity in making the decision/dealing with the issues, maintaining control and confining the issuesCapitulation – getting one party to back down and surrender  Compromise – accommodating dissenters' positions insofar as is possible and asking each to give up some intractable positionsIntegration – seeking a conclusion satisfying to parties involvedSeveral forces are driving us to adopt conflict resolution strategies associated with values integration: the move toward excellence and cultural diversity, changes in demographics, and increasing pressure for innovation and creativity.ReferencesAutry, James. (1992). A. Love and Profit: The Art of Caring Leadership. New York: Avon Books, 1992.Denis, J.L., L. Lamothe and A. Langley (200 1) â€Å"The dynamics of collective leadership and strategic change in pluralistic organizations†, Academy of Management Journal 44(4).Depree, Max. (1989). Leadership Is an Art. New York: Doubleday.Storey, John. (2004). Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Routledge: New York.